IntegratedOceanCarbonA visionprimed forResearchimplementationunescoIntergovernmentalOceanographicCommissiorPublished in 2026 by the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,7,place de Fontenoy,75352 Paris 07 SP.FranceBYSAThis document is available in Open Access under theAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO(CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO)license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/)By using the content of this publication,the users accept to be boundby the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository(http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en).This document should be cited as follows:IOC of UNESCO.2026.Integrated Ocean Carbon Research:a vision primed forimplementation.Paris,UNESCO.(IOC Technical Series,214.)https://doi.org/10.71245/FULK2623The work of section 3.c Carbon exchanges across the land-ocean-ice continuum is under UNESCO and Canadian Crown CopyrightFisheries and Oceans Canada).The designations employed and the presentation of materialthroughout this document do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legalstatus of any country,territory,city or area or of its authorities,orconcerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.The ideas and opinions expressed in this document are those ofthe authors;they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do notcommit the Organization.Cover photo:Kogia-Karim lliyaDesign:UNESCODesign and typesetting:UNESCOPrinted by UNESCOPrinted in France(I0C/2026TS/214)